Birgit Braun (Hrsg.)Vom Spital zur Spezialisierung – Psychosomatik medizinhistorisch betrachtet

About this book deutschenglish

In European philosophy and medicine, the discussion of the mind-body interaction has been going on since ancient times. In the psych wards of the medieval nursing homes acient concepts of insanity partially have survived. Psychosomatics and psychotherapy in the narrower sense only began to develop in the 19th century – after the Age of Enlightenment. Due to the ban of psychoanalysis during National Socialism, the first psychosomatic departments were not established at Western German universities before the 1950s.

Comprehensive medical care according to the bio-psychosocial model is decisive for treatment quality. In consequence, at university clinics and clinics of maximum care level specific Psychosomatic Departments have gained, over the last 30 years, increasing importance as partners of somatic medicine. As an example, the University Hospital of Erlangen will be presented here.

At the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, a ward for psychotherapeutic treatment was opened in 1985, and in 1992 a Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy with in-patient treatment, a day care unit and consultation service has been established within the rooms of the Psychiatric Clinic. This department has an impact on the other departments of the University Hospital e.g. on psychooncology for patients with cancer as well as on the integrative treatment of patients with somatoform disorders, eating disorders, depression and posttraumatic stress disorders. It fulfills all the actual challenges for a competitive university Psychosomatic Medicine.

Apart from the increasingly specialization an integrated psychosomatic medicine should cultivate its holistic approach. The ethically questionable “individualized” or “personalized” medicine, which aims at a precisely fitting pharmacotherapy should motivate psychiatrists, psychotherapist and experts in psychosomatic medicine to engage in the discussion, because their disciplines exactly center on the individual, the person.

The basic principle of medical/therapeutic education has already been fixed in the medical code of virtues before the Nuremberg Doctors Trial 1946/1947. Actual research found out that information with relevance for a decision based on informed consent lack in information sheets. Education on psychotherapy should definitely include an individual talk in addition to standardized information sheets. To empower the therapists with corresponding ethical knowledge, obligatory components of medical ethics should be integrated in the psychotherapeutic specialization.

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