Frauke RatzQualitative Studie zum Entscheidungskonflikt von Eltern bezüglich der Impfung ihrer Kleinkinder

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In Germany parents can decide how to vaccinate their children. Shared Decision Making (SDM) is recommended to help integrate parents in the decision process and to enable them to reach an individual informed decision. Within the SDM concept, decision aids (DA) are provided to people seeking advice. In Germany there is a lack of non-polarized DAs about vaccinations in early childhood. The most extensive information brochure offered to parents in doctor's offices is published by a vaccine producer. The study aims to find out what information parents require, what their ideal conception of the decision making is and to point out what aspects influence their decision process.

This qualitative study collected data using guideline interviews with undecided parents. The interviews were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis according to Mayring as well as by interdisciplinary interpretation groups.

12 parents with higher and intermediate educational background (ages 28 to 47) were interviewed. The study revealed that paediatricians' advice, social environment, parents' perception of disease and personal experiences with vaccinations and diseases influence parents' decision making. The question whom parents trust is an important one. Parents expressed that doctors' advice is often not open-ended or balanced and their communication concerning parents' doubts and questions not open-minded. Besides basic information about illnesses they would like to have information about the undesirable effects of vaccines and to have an overview of all available vaccines. Also they wondered to which extent the vaccine industry influences vaccination recommendations, research and medical practice. Therefore, from parents' perspective the provider of the information should be competent and independent of commercial interests and normative presumptions.

The study exemplifies the urgent need for the development of a balanced DA for parents about vaccinations in early childhood. Furthermore learning how to deal with concerned parents should be an obligatory element of paediatricians' professional training. Information should be provided to parents at an earlier point in time and it is advisable to train midwives in vaccination consultation.

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